Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome: Causes, Symptoms & Treatments

Knee pain is one of the most common complaints among today's athletes, fitness enthusiasts, and active individuals. One of the leading culprits is Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome (PFPS), also known as "runner’s knee". This is the most common cause of anterior knee pain is often located behind or around the patella region. It is generally caused by repetitive stress, muscle imbalances, improper alignment of the knee, lower extremity, or acute trauma to the knee. 

This pain worsens during climbing stairs, squatting, running uphill, or sitting for long periods with knees bent. All these activities load the patellofemoral joint in a flexed position and can aggravate symptoms. This condition can be frustrating, not just because of the pain, but also because it tends to linger if not addressed properly. 

Patellofemoral is one of the most common causes of knee pain seen by clinicians. NCBI report have shown that up to two-thirds of patients can be successfully treated with a proper rehabilitation protocol. So, let's understand the causes, symptoms, and treatment options available that could be considered in the early stage towards recovery and prevention.

What is Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome?

Patellofemoral pain syndrome is a condition where pain occurs around or behind the kneecap, often due to issues with the patellofemoral joint. This joint connects the patella (kneecap) with the femur (thigh bone). The pain usually worsens during activities like running, climbing stairs, squatting, or during long sitting hours. 

Many patients ask, “Is patellofemoral syndrome a disability?” While PFPS alone is not considered a permanent disability. But when left untreated, it can limit mobility and hamper your daily routine cycle, and quality of life. 

What Causes Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome?

A number of factors are held responsible for causing patellofemoral arthritis, strain, and sprain, including:

Overuse & Repetitive Stress: Repetitive bending and strain on the knee increase stress on the patellofemoral joint that causes pain and swelling.

Muscle Imbalance or Weakness: The weak quadriceps or hip muscles can affect the alignment of the kneecap. It shifts the knee cap laterally, causing pain. 

Medial Patellofemoral Ligament (MPFL) Issues: Injury or a medial patellofemoral ligament tear can destabilize the kneecap, causing recurring pain.

Biomechanical Problems: Other inappropriate causes such as flat feet, improper footwear, or poor running form may worsen symptoms.

Arthritis: In older adults, patellofemoral arthritis can mimic or aggravate PFPS symptoms.

Who is Most Affected by Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome? 

According to research published in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), patellofemoral pain syndrome or PFPS  may account for nearly 25% to 40% of all knee injuries seen in sports medicine clinics. It affects women more than men at a ratio of close to 2:1. Males accounted for 80.3% of all injuries. For both sexes the most common areas injured were the knee and ankle, with sprains/strains the most common injuries. Injuries involving the patellofemoral articulation were significantly more frequent among females. 

Interestingly, the age of occurrence is typically seen in adolescents and adults in the second and third decades of life. Its prevalence in adolescence was found to be over 20%. Thus making it one of the most prevalent knee conditions worldwide.

Common Symptoms of Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome

• A dull, throbbing discomfort around the knee cap.
• Pain after sitting for a long time, or when climbing stairs, squatting, or running.  
• Sometimes the knee swells or feels like it is grinding, etc.  

How Long Does Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome Last?

Recovery varies depending on severity and treatment compliance. Considering the proper management, mild PFPS may improve within 6 to 8 weeks. However, chronic cases may last several months or even longer if left untreated.

How to Cure Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome

There is hardly a single cure to treat this syndrome. Which is why prevention through the proper support and exercise is better than a cure. Here is the combination of strategies helpful in effective recovery:

Rest and Activity Modification: You should reduce the high-impact activities like running and jumping  to ease pain. 

Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome Exercises: Work on strengthening the quadriceps, hamstrings, and hip muscles. Studies suggest that targeted exercises reduce recurrence rates by over 60% when performed consistently.

Physical Therapy: Always consult your physiotherapist or health care expert for proper stretching, taping methods, and strengthening routines. Essential for your recovery. 

Supportive Devices: The orthopedic support, such as Leeford Ortho Knee wrap or knee support with hinge braces, provides effective relief with alignment correction.

Medication & Ice Therapy: NSAIDs and cold compresses can significantly reduce inflammation and discomfort.

Surgery (Rare Cases): In cases involving a medial patellofemoral ligament tear or severe patellofemoral arthritis. Surgical intervention becomes necessary and the last option. 

Knee Wrap vs Knee Hinged: A Better PFPS Support 

Anterior knee pain is linked to patellofemoral pain, overuse, or mild instability. This can be prevented based on the cause and severity. Leeford Ortho Knee Wrap is best used for mild anterior knee pain or early-stage patellofemoral pain. Its Neoprene fabric provides compression, warmth, and light support to reduce swelling and improve proprioception (joint awareness). Whereas, Knee support with a hinge is recommended during instability, ligament strain, or moderate to severe pain. The hinges guide knee movement to prevent sideways deviation and offer stronger support at the time of higher stress on the knee cap. Also, it promotes recovery post-surgery. 

Do's and Don'ts 

• Always warm up before you work out and stretch afterward.
• Don't suddenly increase your training more intensely.
• You should wear shoes that fit well and have good arch support.
• Keep your quadriceps and hip muscles strong in a way that is balanced.

Final Thoughts

Patellofemoral pain syndrome may not be life-threatening, but it can be life-limiting if taken lightly. Understanding what causes patellofemoral syndrome and following through with patellofemoral pain syndrome exercises are the most effective ways to manage and prevent it. While most people recover well with conservative treatment, persistent or severe cases should be evaluated for underlying issues such as a medial patellofemoral ligament tear or patellofemoral arthritis.

So, if you are worried about “how to cure patellofemoral pain syndrome?” Then the answer perfectly lies in a combination of rest, rehabilitation, and prevention. Remember, your timely actions not only reduce pain but also protect your knees for years to come.